Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human services Reform - Essay Example Some the advantages incorporate permitting kids to buy protection, toward the beginning of 2014 ladies will never again be charged more than men. Protection firms will likewise be managed with the goal that they can't climb protection rates when an individual becomes sick will be helpful for all the residents. This manage of the protection will enormously help in guaranteeing that the strength of any individual isn't imperil a direct result of their societal position and age The capacity of state-based trades will likewise permit people who are jobless to buy protection. Endowments will likewise be given to those families that are underneath the government neediness level. These changes will be an incredible lift to the vast majority of the residents who don't procure an average salary (Jill, 2012). Social insurance in the United States is a central piece of living. This is because of the numerous medical problems that Americans face in a regular routine. Be that as it may, the human services structure in the America is looked by a major issue of costly administrations, which isn't moderate to the greater part of the individuals. A major level of American populace isn't medicinally guaranteed and this prompts the doctor visits being unreasonably costly for a conventional resident. Roughly 44million Americans are not protected and an extra 38 million have lacking medical coverages. This populace experience every day not certain what might occur in the event that they fell wiped out or needed clinical consideration. The nonattendance of a clinical protection subsequently implies that they can't visit the doctor for normal check ups and will consistently defer ailments or excursions to the specialist since they essentially can't bear the cost of it. Postponed clinical consideration inspired by a paranoid fear of costs is a fiasco considering the quantity of individuals in the nation and the sicknesses that could be dealt with early turning lethal. Individuals without health care coverage are at the most serious danger of not getting diseases sufficiently early and not securing clinical

Rural Values vs. Urban Idealism essays

Rustic Values versus Urban Idealism papers The 1920s was a period of incredible change for the American individuals, WW1 had quite recently finished and Americans were attempting their best to overlook the repulsions of war and live up the great occasions. Ways of life were changing as new developments like the car gave individuals the opportunity to travel significant distances at whatever point they satisfied while different normal family unit apparatuses like the clothes washer and dishwasher were sparing ladies important housework time that could now be spent working in occupations or on amusement. Private examples were likewise experiencing a gigantic change. Without precedent for American History the urban populace of the country dwarfed the rustic as individuals rushed to the urban areas in record numbers to discover work. The yeomen rancher was not, at this point adored as the American Dream and was quickly turning into a relic of times gone by as an ever increasing number of Americans wound up exchanging their tools and furrows for mechanical production system torques. Plants were the new work environment for the normal man, as growing ones own food turned into a relic of times gone by. The normal American family was presently living off of wages, leasing their living arrangement, and purchasing their food from the market. Machines and vehicles progressively became necessities as industrialisms overwhelm the economy. During this timeframe an unmistakable break started to show itself between the individuals of humble communities and those of the enormous urban communities. The ethics and estimations of these better places gradually, however without a doubt start to float separated prompting a decent measure of contention. In any case, provincial individuals by and large lived in little very close networks where everybody knew one another. In these networks everybody by and large went to a similar nearby Christian gathering and had a similar essential qualities and convictions. Provincial individuals clung firmly to their locale esteems and were fatigued of pariahs, particularly the individuals who originated from what they saw as ethically degenerate enormous citie... <!

The State of Things

The State of Things BOOM! CPW is now over and dear sweet gummy bear in the sky was it exhausting. I dont think I went to bed before 5 every morning. From BBQs to building things in East Campus to leading dorms tours to Meet the Bloggers to bouncy ball drop to the academic fair to the CPW festival to the random exploring of campus, Im not sure my body can handle much more of this. Let me describe my last couple minutes for you. [background] Ive just woken up at 11 oclock after going to bed at 6. I drag myself up, into the bathroom, shower, dress, and stumble back into my room. I check my e-mails, surf the internet a little bit, and then tip over onto my bed and fall back to sleep. Im not really laying on my bed, Im kind of shoved into it, feet hanging off the edge, arm crammed against the wall, computer right next to me, CPW schedule right by my head. I finally just lost the ability to stay awake and died. The next thing I know Im being woken up by my prefrosh, Chris Mills, and told that hes leaving. I stumble out of bed, slightly delirious, and posed for a quick picture with him before he grabbed his bag and left. CPW was amazing, thanks to everybody who came. I think its fairly safe to say that you have destroyed our campus. I look out today and the sky is full of clouds, its dreary, all of the students are still in bed, broken, and there is this sense of dread permeating everything, the dread of what is due next week. I met all sorts of exciting people, did all sorts of exciting things, and am completely bummed that I have mastering physics tonight, a test on Wednesday, and a ton of Toy Design homework due tomorrow (not to mention 18.03). It was hard to take pictures of myself during CPW (go figure) so I stole some off of the liveblog to share. Me with our new dean of admissions, Stu Schmill. Matt McGann was the photographer Me with Danny 12 at Meet the Bloggers Expect some guest blogs very soon (well be harassing prefrosh to get them written) and also some video blogs, courtesy of me, Paul, Bryan, and Milena. Over the course of the next few weeks you will begin to see a lot of what MIT is about, which is very very cool. I hope you had a good time, I know I did, and Ill see you in August for orientation!

Animal Testing And Its Effects On Society - 1393 Words

I. From bench to beside (1) The development of new treatments including medicines are distinguished for being time consuming, costly and complex. However, this timely manner is beneficial for society as it meant to provide an efficient and safe medication. Concerns regarding when animal studies are necessary compared to clinical trials has been a debatable topic among society. For over a decade, animal research has served as a fundamental component in many medical findings. Mousses are commonly used in laboratories, as we as humans share nearly 95% of our genes, making them a useful and efficient model for the assistance of discovering medications used today (Grant, 2017). Bench studies should continue to be practiced by researchers as†¦show more content†¦After all research has been conducted including the testing of all animal and human studies associated, the New Drug application is completed by the drug developer. The results provided are used by the FDA to determine whether the drug is approved o r the recommendation of further testing. Finally phase four is based on the monitoring of the drug’s risks and benefits monitored by various sponsors hired by the FDA. II. Clinical Research Ethics Main ethical violations in clinical research that contribute to the abuse of subjects include paternalism, informed consent, lack of ethical supervision and the avoidance of legislation in relation to the ethics of health care and research. Human rights has been widely violated throughout history as seen in multiple events. As early as the 1930’s, researchers involved in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, withheld information and treatment from a large group of African American men with syphilis. Following this tragic event, Nazi concentration camps were established. German scientists conducted research with the involvement of the prisoners. Disfigurement, disabilities and death were often the results of the Nazi human experimentation. During the creation of the atomic bomb, the United States government sponsored the research of the involvement of subjects being exposed to radiation without their informed consent. In addition, James Watson and Francis Crick obtained their data of x -rayShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Animal Testing On Human Society1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of animal testing has been going on for a long time. Although there have been many cases where people try to stop it or try to convince people that it is wrong in today’s society it is still happening all over the world. This research paper will talk about how in today’s society is racing to discover cures for diseases. How humans have made advancements in the world we have also established the scientific evolution. By doing so our ethics and morals have failed to progress. The knowledgeRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some animals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreHuman Testing On Human Beings1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine what is toxic, and how certain chemicals effect humans and animals? The answer is, we must perform test on something that is similar to the human species. Animals having similar traits and features in the body have often been the experimentation method of choice. By using animals in testing has raised a lot of concern and controversy over the years, but so has testing on human beings. One of the most horrifying examples of human testing was during World War II, the Nazi party in its questRead MoreThe Morality Of Animal Testing And Its Effect On The Biomedical And Consumer World1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Morality of Animal Testing and its Effect on the Biomedical and Consumer World Animal testing has been a controversial problem in today’s society and it affects people from all over the world1 not just animal activists or scientists. Most of the products and medicines used today have been tested on animals. These animals used in experiments have been thought to only benefit society but morally this hurts our society. This hurts our society because now animal testing has become a social normalityRead MoreAnimal Testing: The Future of Pharmaceuticals Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagespoisons, through animal testing, they have been donned to be unsafe for people and environment. Without animal testing, the general public would still be using these hazardous chemicals. Many humanitarians may be opposed to testing chemicals on animals, but if scientists didn’t test on animals, individuals would have to test the deadly chemicals or live in a world where people don’t know if the chemicals they are using are poisonous and lethal to the human soci ety. Animal testing may be wrong inRead MoreAnimal Testing Speech Outline965 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Introduction Attention-getter: Visualize yourself somewhere locked and isolated, whether it is a closet, a cage, or a box. Now visualize yourself being constantly controlled, not being able to choose when to eat, when to drink, or even when to sleep. Thesis: Animal testing is a heavy topic that usually goes unnoticed. To many scientists, animal testing is beneficial and to society it is morally wrong. Credibility: After doing our extensive research, we are knowledgeable about animalRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous words still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement and environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe themRead MoreAnimal Testing Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesUsing helpless animals for the benefit of human beings goes back thousands of years. A common theme has been present: the use of these animals has been necessary for survival. Of late, these essential sacrifices have metamorphosed into yield-less speculations. Anim al testing is wrong based on these premises: there are available alternatives to direct testing on live animals, the results acquired rom the tests are inaccurate and repetitive, and ultimately it is speciesism, which is comparable to racismRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1578 Words   |  7 PagesEngland Anti-Vivisection Society on their research from Harm and Suffering, â€Å"[e]very year in the U.S., over 25 million animals are used in biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education.† Animal testing has been traced back to Aristotle and Erasistratus who according to Rachel Hajar from Animal Testing and Medicine, â€Å"[were] [e]arly Greek physician-scientists† that have conducted animal experiments. Another physician who has performed animal experimentations, GalenRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Cruel And Inhumane1229 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of animals to carry out the tests before implementing the solution for human beings. The idea has always served as a disadvantage for the animals citing the pains and strains that they undergo during such processes. After keen observation of the experience of the animals, individuals developed varying opinions of whether to be in support of the practice or against it. Animal testing is cruel and inhumane Animal testing serves in promoting cruelty and inhumanity among the animals. In their

Literature Review.. According To The Canadian Nurses...

Literature Review According to the Canadian Nurses Association, limited research and clinical evidence exist on the effectiveness of nursing care delivery models across the continuum of care (2010). A literature review consisting of empirical and theoretical research was conducted to gain insight into three specific models of nursing care: primary nursing, total patient care nursing, and team nursing. The literature pertaining to each model will be explored first, followed by a comparison of the models themselves. Primary (SAM) The two central premises of Primary Nursing are relationship building and rapport. Payne Steakley (2015) explain this, and how successful relationship building depends on frequent, recurring†¦show more content†¦As previously mentioned, primary nursing care predicted a higher patient perception of individualized care. The same study by Suhonen et al., (2007) found that increased staffing or skill mix failed to predict the same. They concluded that an improvement in the quality of the nurse-patient relationship facilitates a patient s’ perception of individualized care, rather than increased staffing or skill mix. Payne Steakley (2015) also concluded that establishing this model of care could maximize the benefit of the hospitalization and potentially reduce the incidence of readmission. Total Patient Care Total patient care is the oldest method of patient care organization and within this system, each nurse assumes total responsibility for patient care. As cited in Fernandez et al. (2010), this model is best suited to a workplace consisting of all registered nurses and as a result, its use is slowly declining. This study identifies the advantages of this model as the potential for patients to be involved in decisions regarding their care, and that patients’ progress can be easily evaluated. Additional responsibilities, including being a mentor, preceptor, and supporter of new nurses, are generally avoided. While these decreased responsibilities could mean less stress in the workplace, it could potentially lead to new graduates receiving patients for care thatShow MoreRelatedRethinking Prescribing Authority For Registered Nurses1277 Words   |  6 PagesISSUE: According to the health care in Canada survey 14, increased emergency waiting times are the major concern of the population weighing 31% of the health demands. Reconsidering prescribing authority to registered nurses will decrease wait times and improve the efficacy of the care provided and it reduces the cost of health-care delivery system in Canada as it is publicly funded. So CNA has developed a framework for registered nurse prescribing in Canada that is a good affordable solution to reduceRead MoreExpanded Nursing Career: Roles, Requirements and Scope823 Words   |  3 Pagesnursing practice. This gave nurses more confidence in having more specific role. These developments rejuvenated nursing by the introduction expanded nursing careers. These careers have an immense potential to contribute to the health care system. They allow more scope and liberty of clinical practice in nursing. It gives nurse an opportunity to advance their career. This essay gives an overview of three expanded careers nurse practitioner, midwifery and clinical nurse specialist. Essay also discussesRead MoreHome First Program in Markham Stouffville Hospital1124 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Statistics Canada Report 2013, â€Å"life expectancy in Canada is one of the highest in the world† and it is expected to grow, making the aging population a key driver to our hea lth-systems reform. By 2036, seniors in Canada will comprise of twenty five per cent of the population (CIHI, 2011). Seniors, those aged 65 years and older are the fastest growing population in Canada. Currently there are approximately 4.8 million Canadians aged 65 or greater. It is projected that this number willRead MoreInadequate Sleep And Resulting Fatigue1127 Words   |  5 Pageshealth and safety of registered nurses and can compromise patient care. Fatigue can also be costly to employers, resulting in increases in health care and workers’ compensation costs, early disability, recruitment and training costs, and legal fees. In 2014, the Professional Issues Panel on Nurse Fatigue led the effort to update ANA’s position statement on nurse fatigue. â€Å"Registered nurses and employers in all care settings must collaborate to reduce the risks of nurse fatigue and sleepiness associatedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Canadian Association Of Emergency Physicians1289 Wor ds   |  6 PagesDoctor? When will I get a bed? These are the questions that are constantly asked when in the Emergency Department (ED). The Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) National emergency Nurses Affiliation (NENA)(2003) defines overcrowding as a situation where â€Å"services exceeds the ability to provide care within a reasonable time, causing doctors and nurses to be unable to provide quality care† (â€Å"ED overcrowding†, para. 2). Maintaining access and flow in the ED is essential to the improvementRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Public Health Crisis1237 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is a public health crisis in Canada. Research shows that childhood obesity is related to morbidity and mortality in adulthood (Tremblay, 2010). According to one study about 31% of Canadian youth between the ages of 2-17 years are obese and overweight, which put them on a greater risk for developing chronic conditions in their early adulthood years (Vine Elliot, 2014). Children spend most of their time during the day in the schools, hence, it is very important thatRead MoreManuscript Text Or Running Head1672 Words   |  7 Pagesanonymity during the peer-review process CCN requires that the author’s name or institution are not included in the manuscript text or running head (AACCN, 2015). An initial literature search was conducted to retrieve resources that where used to examine the topic and develop the outline of the manuscript text. An explanation of the literature search is discussed further below. Upon conducting the literature search, the resources wer e examined for main themes, and organized according to similarity. To assistRead MoreBecoming A Registered Nurse1718 Words   |  7 Pagesreality of the process of becoming a registered nurse for international students in Ontario Orapun Inchai The Language Gallery The reality of the process of becoming a registered nurse for international students in Ontario It has been claimed that Ontario welcomes internationally educated nurses who want to relocate, and even has a specific government program in place to enable them to practice and excel in the shortest time possible. However all nurses, regardless of background, must successfullyRead MoreAn Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair1187 Words   |  5 Pagesher nurse, Brooke decides to elicit the help of her daughter to ensure the incident does not reoccur. Brooke’s basis her actions on evidence suggesting family presence can improve patient safety by reducing fall risk and maintaining cognitive function. Realizing the daughter would have to visit outside of visiting hours, Brooke goes against the current visitation policy and allows her to visit after work. While discussing her actions with the head nurse, Brooke is informed that other nurses caringRead MoreIn This Paper I Will Be Discussing Preoperative Fasting1602 Words   |  7 Pagesby mouth (NPO) after midnight is required on the day before scheduled surgery to prevent vomiting and aspiration of gastric content into the lungs. There are different preoperative fasting guidelines established by anaesthesiologist associations, for example the Canadian Anaesthesiologist’s Society (CAS) and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) (Tosun, B., Yava, A., Aà §Ã„ ±kel, C. 2015). With these guidelines, fasting intervention is not just as simple as NPO after midnight. There was no evidence

Canadas First Past the Post System Free Essays

In Canada Federal and Provincial First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) elections are based on single member districts or ridings. Each riding chooses one candidate to elect into parliament. In order to win a candidate must obtain the highest number of votes but not necessarily the majority of votes. We will write a custom essay sample on Canadas First Past the Post System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The party that wins the most ridings is named the official government of Canada with the second place party becoming the official opposition. The (FPTP) system is also known as the ‘winner-take-all’ system, in which the candidate with the most votes gets elected. FPTP voting methods can be used for single and multiple member elections. In a single member election the candidate with the highest number, not necessarily a majority, of votes is elected. This system is used in Canada, UK, US, and India. Many Canadians are not happy with the current First Past the Post system currently in place for electing parliamentary officials provincially and federally. I think that Canada’s First Past the Post parliamentary electoral system should be changed because it favors tactical voting; it has a negative effect on smaller parties; and opens up the possibility of gerrymandering constituencies. A new electoral system that is more proportional is needed in order to address these problems. There are a few problems that arise out of the FPTP system. One of the most important problems is the tendency for FPTP to favor tactical voting. Tactical voting happens when voters cast their votes for one of the two candidates that are most likely to win. This is done because it is perceived by the voter that their vote will be wasted if they were to choose to vote for a smaller party, which they would more prefer. This is an understandable feeling by the voter because only votes for the winning candidate actually count (Blais, 2008). The position is sometimes summed up, in an extreme form, as â€Å"All votes for anyone other than the second place are votes for the winner†(Rosenbaum 2004), because by voting for other candidates, they have denied those votes to the second place candidate who could have won had they received them. Following the 2000 U. S. presidential election, some supporters of Democratic candidate Al Gore believed he lost the extremely close election to Republican George W. Bush because a portion of the electorate (2. 7%) voted for Ralph Nader of the Green Party. Exit polls indicated that more of these voters would have preferred Gore (45%) to Bush (27%), with the rest not voting in Nader’s absence (Rosenbaum 2004). The people, who voted for Ralph Nader despite of his staggering inability to win, effectively voted for Bush by depriving Gore of their votes even though they would have preferred Gore. With tactical voting, voters, have to predict in advance who the top two candidates will be. This can distort results significantly. One factor that influences tactical voting is the Media. Substantial power is given to the media. Some voters will tend to believe the media’s assertions as to who the leading contenders are likely to be in the election. Even voters who distrust the media will know that other voters do believe the media, and therefore that those candidates who receive the most media attention will probably be the most popular and thus most likely to be the top two. The media can also play an important role in persuading voters to use tactical voting. This is exemplified through the use of attack advertisements in television; radio and print media. This happens in the UK. The system may promote votes against as opposed to votes for. In the UK, entire campaigns have been organized with the aim of voting against the Conservative party by voting either Labour or Liberal Democrat. For example, in a constituency held by the Conservatives, with the Liberal Democrats as the second-place party and the Labour Party in third, Labour supporters might be urged to vote for the Liberal Democrat candidate (who has a smaller shortfall of votes to make up and more support in the constituency) rather than their own candidate, on the basis that Labour supporters would prefer an MP from a competing left/liberal party to a Conservative one (Drogus 2008). The media holds an important role in informing and influencing the public about political candidates. This causes the FPTP system to turn into run-off voting, which is a two round voting system where voters elect two forerunners for the constituency and select one to be winner. The â€Å"first round† of the election is done within the court of public opinion, the â€Å"second round† happens with the official election. This can be seen in the example of the 1997 Winchester by-election: â€Å"Gerry Malone the former Conservative MP who had lost his seat in the general election, was criticized as a â€Å"poor loser† by the media. The Labour Party obtained their worst ever results in a parliamentary election, in part because they hardly campaigned at all and instead focused their priorities on the by-election in Beckenham held on the same day. It is presumed that most of the Labour supporters decided to vote Liberal Democrat knowing how unlikely they were to win. † (Farrell 1998). The Labour Party voters used their votes tactically because they knew they couldn’t win and were turned off by the Conservative candidates negative image in the press. Another important reason that Canada should select a different election system is that the FPTP system has a large impact on smaller parties. According to Political Scientist Maurice Duverger’s Law, given enough time FPTP systems will eventually become a two party system (Duverger 1972). The FPTP system only gives the winner in each district a seat, a party that consistently comes third in every district will not gain any seats in the legislature, even if it receives a significant proportion of the vote. This puts a heavy strain on parties that are spread geographically thin, such as the Green party of Canada who received approximately 5% of the popular vote from 2004-2011, but had only won a single riding during that time (Elections Canada). The second problem facing smaller parties in FPTP systems is related to tactical voting. Duverger suggested an election in which 100,000 moderate voters and 80,000 radical voters are voting for a single official. If two moderate parties ran candidates and one radical candidate were to run, the radical candidate would win unless one of the moderate candidates gathered fewer than 20,000 votes. Observing this, moderate voters would be more likely to vote for the candidate most likely to gain more votes, with the goal of defeating the radical candidate. Either the two parties must merge, or one moderate party must fail, as the voters gravitate to the two strong parties, a trend Duverger called polarization (Duverger 1972). Smaller parties will never have a fair amount of representation in proportion to their size. FPTP tends to reduce the number of viable political parties to a greater extent than other methods. This makes it more likely that a single party will hold a majority of legislative seats. Canada has had 33 majority governments out of 41 elections (Parliament of Canada) FPTP’s tendency toward fewer parties and more frequent one-party rule can potentially produce a government that may not consider a wide a range of perspectives and concerns. It is entirely possible that a voter will find that both major parties agree on a particular issue. In this case, the voter will not have any meaningful way of expressing a dissenting opinion through their vote. These voters will have to resort to tactical voting and vote for a candidate that they mostly disagree with in order to oppose a candidate they disagree with even more. This is a compromise that the voter should not have to make in order to express them selves politically. The third problem with the FPTP system is that it is especially vulnerable to gerrymandering. Gerrymandering is the process of setting electoral districts in order to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan or incumbent-protected districts. The resulting district is known as a gerrymander (Martis 2008). This process is very controversial in Canada and is viewed negatively when attempted. Governments in power to solidify their dominance at the federal and provincial level can use gerrymandering to increase voters in a riding where they do not have as many voters, giving them an unfair advantage upon re-election. The examples of gerrymandering and its effects can be seen in Canada today. The current federal electoral district boundaries in Saskatchewan have been labeled as evidence of gerrymandering, The province’s two major cities, Saskatoon and Regina, are both â€Å"cracked† into four districts each, when the populations of the cities proper would justify about three and two and a half of all-urban (or mostly urban) districts respectively; the map instead groups parts of the New Democratic Party-friendly cities with large Conservative-leaning rural areas (Elections Canada) In 2006, a controversy arose on Prince Edward Island over the provincial government’s decision to throw out an electoral map drawn by an independent commission. Instead the government created two new maps. The government adopted the second of these, designed by the caucus of the governing party. Opposition parties and the media attacked Premier Pat Binns for what they saw as gerrymandering of districts. Among other things, the government adopted a map that ensured that every current Member of the Legislative Assembly from the premier’s party had a district to run in for re-election, whereas in the original map, several had been redistricted. Despite this, in the 2007 provincial election only 7 of 20 incumbent Members of the Legislative Assembly were re-elected and the government was defeated. Pat Binns’ attempt at gerrymandering and loss of the election showed that the Canadian people do not support gerrymandering by politicians (CBC) Even though the FPTP system has many criticisms it does have some qualities that are found attractive. Firstly FPTP systems are generally good at creating majority governments because of their winner take all attitudes. Majority governments are viewed as being more efficient because of their ability to swiftly pass laws through Parliament. However, majority governments increase their efficiency at the price of sacrificing a broader range of political views. Secondly, FPTP is a good way of discouraging extremist parties that seek to bring radical change to the government. This is because larger parties are favored to win seats so unless the party has a very concentrated electoral support the will generally never win any ridings. FPTP has many criticisms and flaws that are easily exploited. These flaws can only be addressed by selecting a new electoral system. The FPTP’s key flaw that underlies its criticisms is that it discounts or ignores minority parties and their voters. This effectively causes only voters of the major parties to be able to accurately express them selves politically. In a democracy every vote should count not just the votes cast for the winning party. This is why FPTP is not an adequate system for Canada. The FPTP system fails Canadian voters because it favors tactical voting orcing voters to make unnecessary compromises with their political beliefs. It perpetuates dominance of one or two main parties and discourages growth of newer, smaller parties. FPTP opens up the door for gerrymandering Politicians to take an unfair advantage to solidify their dominance in the government. In conclusion I think that Canada’s First Past the Post parliamentary electoral system should be ch anged because it favors tactical voting; it has a negative effect on smaller parties; and opens up the possibility of gerrymandering constituencies. How to cite Canadas First Past the Post System, Papers Canadas First Past the Post System Free Essays In Canada Federal and Provincial First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) elections are based on single member districts or ridings. Each riding chooses one candidate to elect into parliament. In order to win a candidate must obtain the highest number of votes but not necessarily the majority of votes. We will write a custom essay sample on Canadas First Past the Post System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The party that wins the most ridings is named the official government of Canada with the second place party becoming the official opposition. The (FPTP) system is also known as the ‘winner-take-all’ system, in which the candidate with the most votes gets elected. FPTP voting methods can be used for single and multiple member elections. In a single member election the candidate with the highest number, not necessarily a majority, of votes is elected. This system is used in Canada, UK, US, and India. Many Canadians are not happy with the current First Past the Post system currently in place for electing parliamentary officials provincially and federally. I think that Canada’s First Past the Post parliamentary electoral system should be changed because it favors tactical voting; it has a negative effect on smaller parties; and opens up the possibility of gerrymandering constituencies. A new electoral system that is more proportional is needed in order to address these problems. There are a few problems that arise out of the FPTP system. One of the most important problems is the tendency for FPTP to favor tactical voting. Tactical voting happens when voters cast their votes for one of the two candidates that are most likely to win. This is done because it is perceived by the voter that their vote will be wasted if they were to choose to vote for a smaller party, which they would more prefer. This is an understandable feeling by the voter because only votes for the winning candidate actually count (Blais, 2008). The position is sometimes summed up, in an extreme form, as â€Å"All votes for anyone other than the second place are votes for the winner†(Rosenbaum 2004), because by voting for other candidates, they have denied those votes to the second place candidate who could have won had they received them. Following the 2000 U. S. presidential election, some supporters of Democratic candidate Al Gore believed he lost the extremely close election to Republican George W. Bush because a portion of the electorate (2. 7%) voted for Ralph Nader of the Green Party. Exit polls indicated that more of these voters would have preferred Gore (45%) to Bush (27%), with the rest not voting in Nader’s absence (Rosenbaum 2004). The people, who voted for Ralph Nader despite of his staggering inability to win, effectively voted for Bush by depriving Gore of their votes even though they would have preferred Gore. With tactical voting, voters, have to predict in advance who the top two candidates will be. This can distort results significantly. One factor that influences tactical voting is the Media. Substantial power is given to the media. Some voters will tend to believe the media’s assertions as to who the leading contenders are likely to be in the election. Even voters who distrust the media will know that other voters do believe the media, and therefore that those candidates who receive the most media attention will probably be the most popular and thus most likely to be the top two. The media can also play an important role in persuading voters to use tactical voting. This is exemplified through the use of attack advertisements in television; radio and print media. This happens in the UK. The system may promote votes against as opposed to votes for. In the UK, entire campaigns have been organized with the aim of voting against the Conservative party by voting either Labour or Liberal Democrat. For example, in a constituency held by the Conservatives, with the Liberal Democrats as the second-place party and the Labour Party in third, Labour supporters might be urged to vote for the Liberal Democrat candidate (who has a smaller shortfall of votes to make up and more support in the constituency) rather than their own candidate, on the basis that Labour supporters would prefer an MP from a competing left/liberal party to a Conservative one (Drogus 2008). The media holds an important role in informing and influencing the public about political candidates. This causes the FPTP system to turn into run-off voting, which is a two round voting system where voters elect two forerunners for the constituency and select one to be winner. The â€Å"first round† of the election is done within the court of public opinion, the â€Å"second round† happens with the official election. This can be seen in the example of the 1997 Winchester by-election: â€Å"Gerry Malone the former Conservative MP who had lost his seat in the general election, was criticized as a â€Å"poor loser† by the media. The Labour Party obtained their worst ever results in a parliamentary election, in part because they hardly campaigned at all and instead focused their priorities on the by-election in Beckenham held on the same day. It is presumed that most of the Labour supporters decided to vote Liberal Democrat knowing how unlikely they were to win. † (Farrell 1998). The Labour Party voters used their votes tactically because they knew they couldn’t win and were turned off by the Conservative candidates negative image in the press. Another important reason that Canada should select a different election system is that the FPTP system has a large impact on smaller parties. According to Political Scientist Maurice Duverger’s Law, given enough time FPTP systems will eventually become a two party system (Duverger 1972). The FPTP system only gives the winner in each district a seat, a party that consistently comes third in every district will not gain any seats in the legislature, even if it receives a significant proportion of the vote. This puts a heavy strain on parties that are spread geographically thin, such as the Green party of Canada who received approximately 5% of the popular vote from 2004-2011, but had only won a single riding during that time (Elections Canada). The second problem facing smaller parties in FPTP systems is related to tactical voting. Duverger suggested an election in which 100,000 moderate voters and 80,000 radical voters are voting for a single official. If two moderate parties ran candidates and one radical candidate were to run, the radical candidate would win unless one of the moderate candidates gathered fewer than 20,000 votes. Observing this, moderate voters would be more likely to vote for the candidate most likely to gain more votes, with the goal of defeating the radical candidate. Either the two parties must merge, or one moderate party must fail, as the voters gravitate to the two strong parties, a trend Duverger called polarization (Duverger 1972). Smaller parties will never have a fair amount of representation in proportion to their size. FPTP tends to reduce the number of viable political parties to a greater extent than other methods. This makes it more likely that a single party will hold a majority of legislative seats. Canada has had 33 majority governments out of 41 elections (Parliament of Canada) FPTP’s tendency toward fewer parties and more frequent one-party rule can potentially produce a government that may not consider a wide a range of perspectives and concerns. It is entirely possible that a voter will find that both major parties agree on a particular issue. In this case, the voter will not have any meaningful way of expressing a dissenting opinion through their vote. These voters will have to resort to tactical voting and vote for a candidate that they mostly disagree with in order to oppose a candidate they disagree with even more. This is a compromise that the voter should not have to make in order to express them selves politically. The third problem with the FPTP system is that it is especially vulnerable to gerrymandering. Gerrymandering is the process of setting electoral districts in order to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan or incumbent-protected districts. The resulting district is known as a gerrymander (Martis 2008). This process is very controversial in Canada and is viewed negatively when attempted. Governments in power to solidify their dominance at the federal and provincial level can use gerrymandering to increase voters in a riding where they do not have as many voters, giving them an unfair advantage upon re-election. The examples of gerrymandering and its effects can be seen in Canada today. The current federal electoral district boundaries in Saskatchewan have been labeled as evidence of gerrymandering, The province’s two major cities, Saskatoon and Regina, are both â€Å"cracked† into four districts each, when the populations of the cities proper would justify about three and two and a half of all-urban (or mostly urban) districts respectively; the map instead groups parts of the New Democratic Party-friendly cities with large Conservative-leaning rural areas (Elections Canada) In 2006, a controversy arose on Prince Edward Island over the provincial government’s decision to throw out an electoral map drawn by an independent commission. Instead the government created two new maps. The government adopted the second of these, designed by the caucus of the governing party. Opposition parties and the media attacked Premier Pat Binns for what they saw as gerrymandering of districts. Among other things, the government adopted a map that ensured that every current Member of the Legislative Assembly from the premier’s party had a district to run in for re-election, whereas in the original map, several had been redistricted. Despite this, in the 2007 provincial election only 7 of 20 incumbent Members of the Legislative Assembly were re-elected and the government was defeated. Pat Binns’ attempt at gerrymandering and loss of the election showed that the Canadian people do not support gerrymandering by politicians (CBC) Even though the FPTP system has many criticisms it does have some qualities that are found attractive. Firstly FPTP systems are generally good at creating majority governments because of their winner take all attitudes. Majority governments are viewed as being more efficient because of their ability to swiftly pass laws through Parliament. However, majority governments increase their efficiency at the price of sacrificing a broader range of political views. Secondly, FPTP is a good way of discouraging extremist parties that seek to bring radical change to the government. This is because larger parties are favored to win seats so unless the party has a very concentrated electoral support the will generally never win any ridings. FPTP has many criticisms and flaws that are easily exploited. These flaws can only be addressed by selecting a new electoral system. The FPTP’s key flaw that underlies its criticisms is that it discounts or ignores minority parties and their voters. This effectively causes only voters of the major parties to be able to accurately express them selves politically. In a democracy every vote should count not just the votes cast for the winning party. This is why FPTP is not an adequate system for Canada. The FPTP system fails Canadian voters because it favors tactical voting orcing voters to make unnecessary compromises with their political beliefs. It perpetuates dominance of one or two main parties and discourages growth of newer, smaller parties. FPTP opens up the door for gerrymandering Politicians to take an unfair advantage to solidify their dominance in the government. In conclusion I think that Canada’s First Past the Post parliamentary electoral system should be ch anged because it favors tactical voting; it has a negative effect on smaller parties; and opens up the possibility of gerrymandering constituencies. How to cite Canadas First Past the Post System, Essay examples

Business Ethics Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethicsfor Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Business ethics are considered as the essence of moral judgements regarding the justified conscience. The maintenance of the ethical business practices ensures benefits for bringing the more professionalism in a corporate setting. It is to be indicated that the ethical conduct is essential for building the strengthened public image of the organisations. The organisations require allocating the resources properly in order to conduct the effective business process. The business ethics is necessary for understanding the better allocation of the resources to maintain the professionalism. However, in this current world, the companies may lack the proper business ethics. Many of the larger enterprises lack of the sound corporate social responsibility, which may affect the business functionality and the future sustainability. McCorry (2011) explained that different organisations apply diversified codes of ethics for maintaining the professionalism. Moreover, in this current advanced world, it is important to undertake the relevant strategic decision for the organisational welfare. The maintenance of the proper business ethics provides the fruitful insights to understand what is right and what is wrong for the company. The study will also focus on the business ethics applied by New Belgium Brewing Company in Colorado. At the initial stage, the company was just a family owned business. It began with a bicycling trip through Belgium and distributed beers. The experimental business soon grew up to the well-established entity that ensures profitability. However, the business owners faced several environmental issues while applying the business ethics. The study will discuss those significant environmental issues that the company faces. This segment will provide the ideas of the probable approaches that can be undertaken for addressing such situational consequences. Accordingly, the idea about the corporate social responsibility will be initiated in this study. Environmental Issues and the Strategies Undertaken for Justified Approaches New Belgium Brewing has been frequently trying to minimise the business impact on the environment. In order to address the recognisable issues, NBB endowed the capital resources in a wind turbine and made the company as the first wind powered brewery all over the United States. Apart from such initiative, the company even utilised a steam condenser, which is helpful for reusing the hot water that requires for boiling hops and barley. The emission of the steam is then recycled to provide the heat the tiles and loading the docks in time of winter. Moreover, NBB started using the sun tubes that are useful for brewing the house with the solar light. In addition to this, the company has even undertaken the energy saving processes as well. The owner of the company tends to work in outdoor places that made the company undertaken such environmental welfare processes. Hence, it can be interpreted that the core values and major aim of the company is to establish an environmentally concerned br ewer. However, in order to execute such planning, the company has paid attention on following initiatives. NBB has concentrated on producing world-class quality beer. The innovations and improvisation in the technicalities are brought to the manufacturing house. NBB is also focusing on promoting the beer culture across the country. It is one of the most fruitful initiatives of the company to transcend the expectations of the customers. In order to maintain the environmental stewardship, NBB is minimising the resource consumptions and maximising the energy savings by recycling the utilised materials. The business role model has been focusing on the environmental, social, and cultural changes. In order to increase the potentiality, NBB has undertaken several learning and development process. Soon it started to pursuit the upcoming opportunities. NBB has been establishing the authentic communication, relationship, and the reliability among its customer base. The company has been even paying the attention towards the work-life balance of the associated employees. Reviewing such statements, the employees generated the sense of authentication and reliability among the customers. The customers will receive the proper opportunity to communicate transparently in order to express their needs and demands. Addressing the Environmental Issues If concentrated on the on the current marketing strategy undertaken by NBB, it has been seen that the company is mainly focusing on enhancing the product quality. Apart from increasing the quality parameter, NBB is also paying attention towards the brand promotional process. The major philosophy of the company is to provide the environment highly advanced technical industry in this globalised world. In such regards, the employee ownership program is also playing one of the significant roles. It strengthens the trustworthiness and ensures strong beliefs offered to the community. NBB has the string desire to create a fruitful living and learning community. NBB is much focused on reducing the effects on the environment and conducting the business without harming the planet. Therefore, it tends to utilise the cost-efficient energy saving process as the alternative solutions (Rupp et al. 2012). However, it is needless to mention that the company is much loyal towards the core business values and beliefs. Hence, the owner decided to invest on wind turbine, which is required for preparing the fully wind-powered brewery, which was launched for the first time in United States. Switching to the coal power, NBB could reduce the CO2 emissions by almost 1,800 metric tons in a year. In fact, the involvement of the steam condenser is also reusing the hot water. However, apart from all such initiatives, the most promising program undertaken by NBB was the recycling of the wastes. In order to bring much innovation in the product manufacturing process, the company has been using the wastages by recycling them to prepare new products. Starting from car dboard boxes, the company utilises office materials, amber glasses, and keg camps for the recycling process (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). The brewery distributes the spent the hop grains and barley among the local farmers to feed their pigs. The employees are encouraged to reduce the air pollution by using the pollution free transportations. NBB rewards the employees by providing cruiser bikes as the incentives. It encourages the employees for ensuring the ride to work. It is important to mention that New Belgium is significantly participating on the green-building techniques. NBB associated many of the advanced technologies by expanding the facilities. During such journey, the associated people were able to generate much knowledge. In the year of 2002, NBB participated in two different organisational programmes. One is Energy and Environment Design for Existing Buildings programme and another is United States Green Building Councils Leadership. In order to conserve the existing resources, NBB has undertaken enormous initiatives. Starting from utilisation of the daylight, solar powers, and sun tubes, it ensures the use of the regenerated heat on the loop. The maintenance of the environmental stewardship is generally base d on three Rs, such as Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle. The recycling of the wastages is one of the most appreciable processes, which determines the organisational welfare (Martin and Johnson 2015). Hence, it can be interpreted that the company is paying the fruitful attention towards mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. Maintenance of the Social Responsibility helps in Achieving Competitive Advantage The globalised world has been introducing the advancements of the business processes and technicalities (Bundy, Shropshire and Buchholtz 2013). The organisations across the globe are also providing their best efforts to adopt such advanced level of techniques for managing the innovative business procedure. It is to be noted that such advancements in this business functionalities are inviting more competition in a significant manner. Different organisations structure their internal functionalities in order to adopt such current trends and achieve the competitive advantage. It enhances the scope of maintaining the organisational sustainability for a long run (Pandey, Rupp and Thornton 2013). Hence, it is important to follow up the effective corporate social responsibility at the first place. However, in case of NBB, it has been seen that the company has undertaken many of the initiatives that have been serving to participate in a competitive environment (Wells 2016). The review of the entire case study is indicating that the focus of the company on social responsibility is mainly signified for achieving the competitive advantage in this current business world. It is noted that NBB has become much attentive towards the utilisation of the environment friendly technologies. The company is even aware of the fact that the implementation of such technologies is much cost effective. However, if concentrated on the environmental benefits, it is seen that the impact of such advanced technologies on social welfare is much significant (Kolodinsky and Bierly 2013). However, the fact should not be ignored that the company started the business with just a bicycling trip through Belgium. Starting from a basement setup, the company started growing in a significant way. Focusing on such perspectives, it would be irrelevant to comment that the company is using the social responsibility as a weapon to achieve the competitive advantage. However, it still can be predicted that the use of the innovative functionalities are beneficial for the company to strengthen the competitive position. The company is even concerned about the cost effectiveness of the materials, which have been used in preparing the products. Therefore, the reuse and recycling process is adopted for minimising the investment costs (Bumblauskas 2015). It is needless to mention that the maintenance of the social welfare is much helpful for strengthening the organisational reputation. Similarly, NBB also utilised such opportunity in order to facilitate the future growth of the company. It is noted that the associated employees are encouraged to use pollution free vehicles for the transportation purposes. Using the sun heat and daylight is another source of saving the energy, which creates a significant impact on social environment (Grunde 2014). New Belgium has been maintaining the community bulletin to ensure the participation of the society in promoting their businesses. The community based board provides a diversified insight to the people associated with the community (Martinuzzi and Krumay 2013). In fact, the non-profit organisations can sometimes receive several benefits during the execution of such initiatives. While the society is availing many of the beneficial treatments from the company, it automatically creates the positive word of mouth. Another strategic movement of NBB is to provide the sponsors to many of the organisations for the promotional purposes. One of the major focuses on the social responsibility initiative undertaken by NBB is indicating the method of recycling the wastages. The wastages for the industrial business are much harmful for the environment. Even though people in the society are fond of using the innovative products for their sophisticated life, they are awfully affected by the wastages emitted from the industrial factories (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). In such regards, NBB used the innovative ideas to reducing such pollution in the environment. The company decided to recycle the products that have been emitted from the product manufacturing process. It is seen that the company had been benefitted from two different ways. Firstly, the company could minimise the environmental pollution, which served as the social responsibility. On the other hand, the company could reduce the material costs, which can be further invested for preparing or gathering more resources. Hence, it brought much profitability of the compa ny as well. The improvisation in different social functionalities is also taken into account as the proof of considering the initiatives undertaken for determining the achievement of the competitive advantages. Hence, it can be clearly stated that the company has undertaken the social responsibility in order to achieve the competitive advantage in this current world. Actions Undertaken by NBB for Maintaining Ethical and Social Responsibilities It is true that people often purchase the alcohols without being concerned about the manufacturers. The manufacturer of the alcoholic products needs to maintain the social responsibilities as well. However, in many times, it has been noted that the consumers behave in an irresponsible manner. If any alcohol manufacturer company promotes the safe drinking and eliminating the minors from consuming alcohol, it would be considered as the ethical practices. Similarly, while preparing the products, the company can maintain the ethical behaviour and consider the social stipulation, it will be taken as the ethically responsible entity. The companies, which do not maintain such social responsibilities while selling the alcohol products, are needed to be eliminated from the market. However, it should be applauded if any company is positively providing the efforts to determine the social responsibility. In fact, the rating of the ethical parameter of these companies should always be higher. It was notified that NBB has been promoting the ethical responsibility in a commendable manner considering every code of conducts. Each of the organisations tries to facilitate profits by applying different methods. In case of NBB, it was stated that the company has established a good organisational reputation in the market. The smart decision making process is much appreciable in such cases. In order to facilitate the ethical programme, the company has provided its best effort to make a choice for the public to drink responsibly. The contribution of the company to promote social ethics is genuinely remarkable. The initiative of promoting connoisseurship of beer has led towards designing the innovative worthy glass. The glass is painted by different colours and the shape is intending to retain the foam. The enhancement of the visual presentation by designing such glass decorations along with the attractive aroma was actually promoting the beer culture in the sophisticated society. Al ong with this, NBB has participated in support of culinary arts, like hosting the New Belgium Beer dinners. It even offers the complimentary drink as the culinary treat. In spite of undertaking many initiatives related to the promotions of beers and ethical responsibilities, the company is still left with several works to be done. The company needs to keep the frequent practices on promoting the social responsibilities by examining the functionalities, reviewing the performance parameter, and measuring the progress report. In addition to this, the regular feedback extracted from the customers is also necessary for the company to measure the success of maintaining social responsibilities (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). In spite of focusing on the positive sides, it is noted that the company requires improvising many other corporate ethics. It is important to mention that NBB was honoured with the regional Environment Achievement Award from Environmental Protection Agency. Coming the improvement part, it has been seen that the company is still need to produce the organic beer. It is previously mentioned that the company has undertaken the ethical functio nalities to recycle the wastes and reuse them for preparing the products (Stack, Gartland and Keane 2016). However, in this current era, the technicalities have become much advanced. Hence, NBB needs to focus on assimilating the ideas of preparing beer with low emission or emission free materials (Liss and Loomis 2013). Accordingly, the company needs to concentrate on the zero wastage of the products as well. It is true; the list of improvement is never ending. However, in order to overcome the challenges, the company has to undertake the different initiatives and frequent improvisation. Otherwise, it would be difficult enough for the company to survive in this huge competitive scenario. NBB needs to acknowledge the increasing level of the sales ratio much prominently. The maintenance of the authenticity to promote the brand among the human scale is also much necessary for business sustainability. It can be suggested that if NBB would be able to promote the human powered sports that may cause at least minimal damages to the environment, it would be effective for the business growth. However, in such cases, the company needs to pay closer attention towards the demographic segmentation of the customers (Stack, Gartland and Keane 2016). Apparently, it has been seen that children are much attracted towards such sports since drinking is legal to that age of the children. The consumption of the alcohol by the children is needed to be banned. The company has been trying to give back several effective facilities to the community that promotes the ethical responsibilities. However, reviewing the different initiatives undertaken by the company, it is clearly portrayed in this case study. It is noted that if the company can promote the campaign against excessive consumption of alcohol. The company mainly concentrated on promoting the social responsibilities in order to achieve the competitive advantage. Usually, the consumers prefer the good product or the services that is purchasable and higher in quality. Along with the effective quality parameter, if the customers receive the sense of authenticity, it becomes the driving force for the organisational success. The maintenance of the corporate social responsibility, higher quality, and customer stipulation is the key to achieve the competitive advantages. Hence, NBB is suggested to utilise the advanced technologies that can be used for offering the high quality products to the customers. Moreover, the maintenance of the effective corporate social responsibilities would also be beneficial for establishing the organisational reputation. Conclusion The study is focusing on the business ethical practices undertaken by New Belgium Brewing in Colorado. The current global market is much fascinated with the advancements of the technologies. It is noted that each of the organisations give their best effort to strengthen the organisational reputation in a competitive market. Therefore, it is important to recognise the justified process of promoting the corporate social responsibility. NBB has been maintaining the effective way of promoting the social responsibilities. The use of the waste materials is reducing the environmental pollution. Moreover, reusing the materials is also helpful for energy and resource conservation. Following the effective process of maintaining social responsibilities, the company will be able to achieve the competitive position. In fact, it is necessary to implement the proper strategy to facilitate the effective corporate social responsibilities. Another most important aspect is to determine the maintenance of the business ethics. NBB has provided the genuine efforts to promote the ethical business practices. The company was even applauded by presenting an honourable award. However, the frequent examining and continuous improvement would ensure the better ethical practices. References Bumblauskas, D.P., 2015. 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Employee reactions to corporate social responsibility: An organizational justice framework.Journal of organizational Behavior,27(4), pp.537-543. Stack, M., Gartland, M. and Keane, T., 2016. Path Dependency, Behavioral Lock-in and the International Market for Beer. InBrewing, Beer and Pubs(pp. 54-73). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Wells, P., 2016. Economies of Scale Versus Small Is Beautiful A Business Model Approach Based on Architecture, Principles and Components in the Beer Industry.Organization Environment,29(1), pp.36-52.